Extremist Groups Spread in West Africa
2023-11-20
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1Islamist groups linked to al-Qaida and the Islamic State have been spreading across Africa for years.
2The groups came from the large area south of the Sahara Desert called the Sahel.
3They are spreading into wealthier West African coastal nations like Benin.
4Militants once were believed to want to use coastal nations like Benin, Togo and Ghana as bases for attacks on Sahel governments.
5Now the militant groups are strengthening.
6Benin has been the hardest hit.
7This year it had more than 10 times the number of violent incidents involving Islamists than Togo did.
8That information comes from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project.
9Attacks by militant Islamists, or jihadis, against civilians in Benin went from more than 30 to about 80.
10The overall number of incidents involving jihadi groups rose by more than 70 percent.
11The jihadis' activity in Benin is mostly in the north of the country.
12There, they try to recruit people and create division within local populations.
13Residents of one small town told The Associated Press recently that civilians can no longer move freely.
14People in Materi live in fear because of the jihadi threat.
15The fighters place explosives and carry out kidnappings in the area.
16They aim to make people lose trust in the government.
17The government has put in place a curfew and a ban on gatherings.
18"I can't sleep at night, we're not free to travel, to move," Materi resident Florence Bati said.
19"People are too afraid."
20People are being displaced from their homes as attacks increase.
21Some people fear a humanitarian crisis.
22In August, more than 12,000 people were displaced from their homes in the Atacora and neighboring Alibori states.
23That is an increase from about 5,000 in March, the United Nations said.
24The violence is also pushing people from their farms.
25The U.N. estimates that tens of thousands of people could face hunger.
26The government is trying to improve the situation by placing additional security forces along the borders and hiring more soldiers.
27Local people in the north say they have seen increases in soldiers but say the army is underequipped and is sometimes late when answering attacks.
28Neighboring Burkina Faso, Niger and Mali, are being overrun by violence.
29The nations ousted French troops after the militaries there seized power.
30But Benin is still open to help from its former colonial power, which left in 1960.
31The French do not have a permanent base in the country.
32At Benin's request, however, French troops can take part in training programs with Beninese soldiers, a French military spokesman said.
33People in the north told AP that Benin's government is also trying to hide the level of the crisis.
34The government has limited freedom of speech and arrested reporters who cover insecurity.
35Local officials have said the problem does not go beyond the border with Burkina Faso.
36"There is no terrorist, no movement, no organization, no group that has settled or tried to settle in our department," said Robert Wimbo Kassa, the mayor of Materi.
37Benin is an agricultural nation of 13 million people.
38It has invested billions of dollars in culture and tourism.
39It is also building a $1.5 billion industrial area outside of the city of Cotonou aimed at creating 300,000 jobs by 2030.
40The lack of information has left people in other parts of the country unaware of the security problems in the north.
41People in Cotonou said they did not know about the jihadi problem.
42They did not believe the news or said that it was a problem limited to neighboring countries.
43Rights groups say the government is attempting to control information, while arresting people believed to be working with the jihadis.
44The groups say the government is pushing people into the militants' hands.
45Bertin Assogba is with Durable and Develop Reference, a local aid and human rights group.
46"The jihadis live with the populations, the citizens know them, but they refuse to denounce them because the government doesn't encourage people to do so," he said.
47I'm Dan Novak.
1Islamist groups linked to al-Qaida and the Islamic State have been spreading across Africa for years. 2The groups came from the large area south of the Sahara Desert called the Sahel. They are spreading into wealthier West African coastal nations like Benin. 3Militants once were believed to want to use coastal nations like Benin, Togo and Ghana as bases for attacks on Sahel governments. Now the militant groups are strengthening. 4Benin has been the hardest hit. This year it had more than 10 times the number of violent incidents involving Islamists than Togo did. That information comes from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project. 5Attacks by militant Islamists, or jihadis, against civilians in Benin went from more than 30 to about 80. The overall number of incidents involving jihadi groups rose by more than 70 percent. 6The jihadis' activity in Benin is mostly in the north of the country. There, they try to recruit people and create division within local populations. Residents of one small town told The Associated Press recently that civilians can no longer move freely. 7People in Materi live in fear because of the jihadi threat. The fighters place explosives and carry out kidnappings in the area. They aim to make people lose trust in the government. The government has put in place a curfew and a ban on gatherings. 8"I can't sleep at night, we're not free to travel, to move," Materi resident Florence Bati said. "People are too afraid." 9People are being displaced from their homes as attacks increase. Some people fear a humanitarian crisis. 10In August, more than 12,000 people were displaced from their homes in the Atacora and neighboring Alibori states. That is an increase from about 5,000 in March, the United Nations said. 11The violence is also pushing people from their farms. The U.N. estimates that tens of thousands of people could face hunger. 12The government is trying to improve the situation by placing additional security forces along the borders and hiring more soldiers. Local people in the north say they have seen increases in soldiers but say the army is underequipped and is sometimes late when answering attacks. 13Neighboring Burkina Faso, Niger and Mali, are being overrun by violence. The nations ousted French troops after the militaries there seized power. But Benin is still open to help from its former colonial power, which left in 1960. The French do not have a permanent base in the country. At Benin's request, however, French troops can take part in training programs with Beninese soldiers, a French military spokesman said. 14People in the north told AP that Benin's government is also trying to hide the level of the crisis. The government has limited freedom of speech and arrested reporters who cover insecurity. 15Local officials have said the problem does not go beyond the border with Burkina Faso. 16"There is no terrorist, no movement, no organization, no group that has settled or tried to settle in our department," said Robert Wimbo Kassa, the mayor of Materi. 17Benin is an agricultural nation of 13 million people. It has invested billions of dollars in culture and tourism. It is also building a $1.5 billion industrial area outside of the city of Cotonou aimed at creating 300,000 jobs by 2030. 18The lack of information has left people in other parts of the country unaware of the security problems in the north. People in Cotonou said they did not know about the jihadi problem. They did not believe the news or said that it was a problem limited to neighboring countries. 19Rights groups say the government is attempting to control information, while arresting people believed to be working with the jihadis. The groups say the government is pushing people into the militants' hands. 20Bertin Assogba is with Durable and Develop Reference, a local aid and human rights group. 21"The jihadis live with the populations, the citizens know them, but they refuse to denounce them because the government doesn't encourage people to do so," he said. 22I'm Dan Novak. 23Dan Novak adapted this story for VOA Learning English based on reporting by The Associated Press. 24_______________________________________ 25Words in This Story 26recruit - v. to persuade someone to join a group or the military 27resident - n. a person who legally lives in a particular place 28tourism - n. the industry that provides places to stay and things to do for people who travel to other places for pleasure 29encourage - v. to make someone more likely to do something